Jai Narain Vyas
University, Jodhpur
B.Sc. FIRST YEAR – 2019-2020
Theory
Paper I CH-101
Inorganic Chemistry
UNIT: I
Chemical Bonding-Covalent bond
Valence bond theory and its limitation, Directional
characteristics of covalent bond,
Hybridizations-sp, sp2, sp3, dsp2, sp3d, dsp3, sp3d2 and d2sp3 with suitable examples.
Shapes of
inorganic molecules and ions.
Valence shell election pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory and its
application to study the geometry of
NH3, H2O, H3O+, SF4, ICl2-, ClF3, ICl4-, XeF4, XeF6, molecules. Molecular
orbital theory and
molecular orbital diagrams for homo and heterodiatomic molecules-H2, H2+,He2+,HHe+, Li2, Be2,
B2, C2, N2, O2, F2, O2+, O2-, O22-, O22+ ,CO and NO.
Bonding in diborane (3c-2e bonding).
UNIT: II
Chemical Bonding- Ionic Bond
Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle. Solvation energy, solubility
of ionic solids, Fajan’s rule,polarizing power and polariziblity of ions.
Structures of ionic solids, radius ratio effect and co-ordination
number. Limitations of radius
ratio rule.
Hydrogen bonding and vander-waal’s forces of attractions.
UNIT: III
S-Block elements
Periodicity in properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Compexation tendency, Salvation
tendency, stability and solubilities of carbonates, bicarbonates
and sulphates of Magnesium and Calcium, Synthesis and applications of important
hydrides: NaH, NaBH4, LiH, LiBH4, LiAlH4 and CaH2.
Cement: Composition and types of Cement, Manufacture of Portland cement.
Lime: Industrial preparation, Properties and Uses.
UNIT: IV
P-Block elements
Periodicity in properties of III A, IV A, V A, VI A and VII A
group elements.
Silicates, oxides of nitrogen, phosphorous and sulphur- their
structure and preparations.
Glass: Types and properties of glasses, coloring agents, Industrial
manufacturing of glass.
Nitrogen fixation- Natural and Artificial fixation. Role of
nitrogenase in biological nitrogen fixation.
UNIT: V
Qualitative Analysis
Theoretical basis of qualitative analysis, Systematic analysis of
Acidic and Basic radicals
(including interfering radicals). Chemical reactions involved.
Common- ion effect, solubility product & their applications.
Oxidizing and reducing agents and buffers used in analysis.
Books Recommended:
- Inorganic Chemistry by Satya Prakash
- Inorganic Chemistry by R.C. Agarwal
- Inorganic Chemistry by B.R. Puri and L.R. Sharma
- Inorganic Chemistry by P.L. Soni
- Inorganic Chemistry by G.C. Shivhare and V.P. Lavania
- Practical Chemistry by Giri, Bajpai and Pandey
PAPER II CH-102
Organic Chemistry
UNIT: I
Mechanism of Organic Reactions
Classification of organic compounds their general characteristics.
Types of reagents –
electrophiles and nucleophiles. Types of organic reactions.
Reactive intermediates –
carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, arynes and
nitrenes (with examples). Assigning formal charges on intermediates and other
ionic species. Methods of determination of reactions mechanism (product
analysis, intermediates, isotope effects, kinetic and stereochemical studies).
UNIT: II
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds
Concept of isomerism. types of isomerism
Optical isomerism – elements of symmetry, molecular chirality,
enantiomers, stereogenic center, optical activity, properties of enantiomers,
chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, diastereomers, threo
and erythro diastereomers, meso compounds, resolution of enantiomers,
inversion, retention and racemization. Relative and absolute configuration, sequence
rules, D & L and R & S systems of nomenclature.
Geometric isomerism : Determination of configuration of geometric
isomers. E & Z system of nomenclature, geometric isomerism in oximes and
alicyclic compounds.
Conformational isomerism :Newman projection and Sawhorse formulae,
Fischer and flying
wedge formulae. Difference between configuration and conformation.
conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane; conformations of
cyclohexane, axial and
equatorial bonds, conformation of mono substituted cyclohexane
derivatives.
UNIT: III
Alkanes , Cycloalkanes, Alkenes, Dienes and Alkynes
Mechanism of free radical halogenation of alkanes: orientation,
reactivity and selectivity
Cycloalkanes – nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical
reactions, Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations. Ring strain in small
rings (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), theory of strainless rings. The case of
cyclopropane ring: banana bonds.
Nomenclature and classification of dienes: isolated, conjugated
and cumulated dienes. Structure of allenes and butadiene, methods of formation,
polymerization. Chemical reactions – 1, 2-and 1, 4-additions, Diels-Alder
reaction.
Nomenclature, structure and bonding in alkynes. Methods of
formation. Chemical reactions of alkynes, acidic nature of 1-alkynes. Mechamism
of electrophilic and nucleophilic addition
reactions, hydroboration-oxidation, oxidation and polymerization.
UNIT: IV
Arenes and Aromaticity
Nomenclature of benzene derivatives. Aryl group. Aromatic nucleus
and side chain. Structure
of benzene: molecular formula and Kekule structure. Stability and
carbon-carbon bond lengths of benzene, resonance structure, MO picture.
Aromaticity: the Huckel rule, aromatic ions.
Aromatic electrophilic substitution – general pattern of the
mechanism, role of a- and π-
complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation,
mercuration and Friedel-Crafts reaction. Energy profile diagrams. Activating
and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Side chain
reactions of benzene derivatives. Birch reduction.
Methods of formation and chemical reactions of alkylbenzenes,
Structure, preparation and
properties of naphthalene.
UNIT: V
Alkyl and Aryl Halides
Nomenclature and classes of alkyl halides, methods of formation,
chemical reactions.
Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl
halides, SN2 and SN1 reactions with energy
profile diagrams. Mechanism of elimination reactions of alkyl halides,
regioselectivity in dehydrohalogenation, Saytzeff rule.
Methods of formation of aryl halides, nuclear and side chain
reactions. The addition-elimination and the elimination-addition mechanisms of
nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Relative reactivities of alkyl halides vs allyl, vinyl and aryl
halides towards nucleophilicsubstitution reactions. Synthesis and uses of DDT
and BHC.
Books Recommended:
- Advanced Organic Chemistry by Mukheri and Kapoor Vol. I & II
- A Text Book of Organic Chemistry by M.K. Jain
- A Text Book of Organic Chemistry by R.K. Bansal
- Organic Chemistry, R.T. Morrison and R.N.Boyd, Prentice-Hall
PAPER – III CH-103
Physical Chemistry
UNIT: I
Mathematical Concepts
Logarithmic
relations, curve sketching, linear graphs and calculation of slopes,
differentiation of
functions
like ax, ex,xn, sin x, cos x, tan x, log x; maxima and minima, partial
differentiation. Integration of some useful functions; like xn, 1/ X, ex, constant, sin x, cos x,
integration by parts. Permutations and
combinations.
Probability.
UNIT: II
Gaseous State
Deviation
from ideal behavior, Vander Waals equation of state and its discussion.
Critical
Phenomena: PV isotherms of real gases, continuity of states, relationship
between critical
constants
and Vander Waals constants, the law of corresponding states, reduced equation
of state.
Molecular
velocities: Root mean square, average and most probable velocities(No
derivation).
Qualitative
discussion of the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, collision
number, mean free path and collision diameter. Liquification of gases (based on
Joule-Thomson effect). Numericals.
UNIT: III
Liquid and Colloidal State
Liquid State: Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (a
qualitative description).
Structural
differences between solids, liquids and gases.
Liquid crystals: Classification-nematic, smectic and cholestric
phases. Theory of liquid crystal (Swarm theory).
Colloidal State: Definition of colloids, classification of
colloids.
Solids in
liquids (sols): properties – kinetic, optical and electrical; stability of
colloids, Hardy-Schulze
law,
protective action, Gold number.
Liquids
in liquids (emulsions): types of emulsions, preparation, Emulsifier, Theory of
Emuloion.
Liquids
in solids (gels): classification, preparation and properties, imbibitions and
syncresis. General
applications
of colloids.
UNIT: IV
Solutions
Types of
liquid mixtures, ideal and non-ideal mixtures, vapour pressure of liquid
mixtures, distillation of immiscible liquid mixtures.
Partially
miscible liquids-phenol-water, triethylamine-water, nicotine-water-systems,
consolute
temperature-lower
and upper, Effect of impurity on consolute temperature-Phenol-water system,
immiscible
liquids, Principal and Methodology of steam distillation. Numericals
UNIT: V
Chemical Kinetics
Rate,
order, molecularity and stoichiometry of a reaction, Derivation of Integrated
rate law and
characteristics
of zero, first and second order reactions, Pseudo-first order reaction,
Determination of the order of reaction-differential method, method of
integration(hit and trial method), half-life method and isolation method.
Theories
of Reaction Rate: Simple collision theory and its limitations, transition state
theory (equilibrium hypothesis) and derivation of the rate constant,
Thermodynamical formulation of rate constant, Comparison of collision theory
and transition state theory, Numericals.
Books Suggested:
- The Eelements of Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, Oxford.
- Physical Chemistry Through problems, S.K. Dogra and S. Dogra, Wile Eastern Ltd.
- Principles of Physical Chemistry, B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S. Pathania, Shobhan Lal
- Naginchand & Co.
- Physical Chemistry, Bahl and Tuli, S. Chand & Co.(P) Ltd.
- Physical Chemistry, Vol. I & II, S. Pahari, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.
- Bhotic Rasayan, K.R. Genwa, RBD Jaipur
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